Overview
Ammonium chloride, with the chemical formula NH₄Cl, is a white crystalline salt that is highly soluble in water. Classified under CAS number 12125-02-9, this compound is widely used in various industrial and laboratory applications. The ACS grade indicates that this chemical meets or exceeds the purity standards set by the American Chemical Society, making it suitable for high-precision scientific work.
Key Properties
– Chemical Formula: NH₄Cl
– Molecular Weight: 53.49 g/mol
– Appearance: White crystalline powder or granules
– Solubility: Readily soluble in water
– pH (5% solution): Slightly acidic
– Melting Point: ~338°C (decomposes)
Common Applications
1. Laboratory Reagent
Ammonium chloride is a staple in chemistry labs, often used in buffer solutions and analytical testing procedures. Its consistent purity in ACS grade ensures reliability in quantitative and qualitative experiments.
2. Metalworking and Soldering
It serves as a flux in preparing metals for galvanizing, tinning, and soldering. The compound helps clean the metal surfaces by removing oxide layers, allowing better adhesion.
3. Batteries
Ammonium chloride is used as an electrolyte in dry cell batteries, particularly zinc-carbon batteries, due to its conductivity and ionic properties.
4. Textile and Dyeing Industry
Employed in textile printing and dyeing processes, it acts as a fixative or mordant to help bind dyes to fabrics effectively.
5. Pharmaceutical Manufacturing (Non-Edible Use)
While not directly consumed, ammonium chloride can be involved in the synthesis of various pharmaceutical compounds where it functions as a nitrogen source or acidifying agent in chemical reactions.
6. Electronics and Semiconductors
In specialized manufacturing, ammonium chloride is sometimes used in etching processes for metals and semiconductors.
Storage and Handling
– Storage: Keep in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated area, in tightly sealed containers.
– Handling Precautions: Use appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE). Avoid generating dust and ensure proper ventilation when handling the substance.
Safety Information
– Hazards: May cause eye and skin irritation. Inhalation of dust can irritate the respiratory tract.
– First Aid Measures: In case of contact with skin or eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water. If inhaled, move to fresh air and seek medical attention if symptoms persist.
Conclusion
Ammonium chloride (ACS Grade, CAS: 12125-02-9) is a versatile chemical with a wide range of applications across industries. Its high purity and dependable performance make it an essential component in scientific, industrial, and manufacturing settings.
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